Suppressing Glioma Stem Cells- A New Hope For Brain Cancer Patients
The glioma cancer stem cells-the culprit behind the occurrence of an aggressive and adamant type of primary brain cancer is called Glioblastoma multiforme. Its aggressiveness due to inbuilt defensive traits helps them maintain their resilience against any type of therapy and medications. Despite success in the preliminary treatment processes, the disease recurs and eventually becomes untreatable. In addition, its metastatic characteristic makes it possible to spread all over the body and foster recurrences. This is why, with more than 25% of young individuals and children are diagnosed with this disease every year, making it a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in America.
It is now devised to develop a new method to impact its defensive nature and eliminate the cancer stem cells from the root to stop the further destruction in the body.
A Brief Insight Into The Disease
The brain cancer Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) occurs in the central nervous system and gradually attacks the neural system. Since the brain does not have much capacity to repair itself, it fails to respond to the treatment exhibited from outside. Therefore, this type of cancer can do a rapid damage to the adjacent body part. Based on this comprehensive understanding, researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University devised a new method to work on the defensive mechanism of the cancer stem cells.
The pathway aimed at turning them inactive so that their maintenance behavior can be curtailed and a novel therapeutic could be discovered to cure this debilitating disease.
The whole finding of the study is made available on the website of PNAS. It sheds light on the mechanism of glioma stem cells, through which they prevented cell death and spread.
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What Makes The Glioma Stem Cells Prevent The Effects Of Surgery, Radiation, And Chemotherapy?
It is the high-grade gliomas, which tend to make the brain cancer stem cells resistant to various cancer-killing treatment methods. And this is the reason why these cancer cells in the brain tumors are so aggressive. Another key reason for the survival of glioma stem cells is their capacity to detach from the anoikis. We can recognize anoikis as apoptosis known to be a cell death, occurring when the extracellular matrix denies a cell’s existence within its proximity.
This process is known as ‘scaffolding’ fosters the renewal of stem cells through differentiation and homeostasis. However, glioma stem cells remain unaffected, and they can easily avoid anoikis using a protective mechanism autophagy, enabling them to recycle and eat their own cellular detritus.
How To Curb Their Resistance To Various Therapeutic Ways?
Scientists found that the MDA-9/Syntenin a type of gene is responsible to provide protection to the protective autophagy of glioma stem cells. In addition, the gene causes other types of cancer to be aggressive. Therefore, scientists came to a conclusion that an inhibition of MDA-9/Syntenin is a possible way to suppress the defensive mechanism of glioma stem cells.
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Technique Used To Curb Their Resistance
Not only does MDA-9/Syntenin monitor autophagy mechanism, but in compliance with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, this gene reduces toxicity and destruction in glioma stem cells. Since, EGFR has been linked to encouraging the growth, differentiation, and proliferation of tumor, tumor growth see a surge in different types of cancer using its signaling.
Further, scientists proved that in the absence of the gene, EGFR signaling cannot perform independently. In addition, there is a relation between protective autophagy, resistance to anoikis and also the gene MDA-9/Syntenin. So, if the connection is dismantled, it is possible to restrict the protective and defensive mechanism of glioma stem cells, and further restrict the tumor development in the brain.
The whole study carried out on a mouse model is now being devised to find ways to treat other cancer types too.
So, by suppressing the gene expression of MDA-9/Syntenin, it could lead to discovering many improved cancer treatments in the future.
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glioblastoma
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