Stem cell therapy: Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) has all the powerful elements in its treatment procedures to offer better and curative treatment opportunities for patients suffering from acute Myelofibrosis. This is a rare kind of cancer, which prevents the growth of blood-producing cells, and destroys the existing and new cells more rapidly. And as a result, the bone marrow develops scars with the development of fibrous tissues within the bone marrow. So, with the occurrence of this disease, a series of health complications occur in the patients.

This type of leukemia belongs to the group of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. About 30,000 of the USA citizens are suffering from this disease when their blood begins overproducing the red blood cells. So, the cells cannot produce enough blood in the body, and the body tries to move the blood production to the spleen and liver. And as the bone marrow cannot perform well, it pressurizes the spleen and liver and enlarges them. The disease causes blood clots and extreme bleeding to the people with acute myelofibrosis.
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Other complications include weakness, fatigue, anemia, abdominal pain, low platelet counts and prevalence of infections.

People between 50 and 70 are at high risk of developing this disease.

The treatment options depend on the symptoms and the intensity of the complications. There are different drugs used to treat this disease.

A drug called Ruxolitinib targets the inhibitors known as JAK2 and other associated mutants. The chemical compounds of the drug effectively work and restrict the functions of the mutant protein tyrosine kinase, which can be transformed and active in people with myelofibrosis.

There are other drugs too, such as danazol, thalidomide, and erythropoietin. The most effective and the curative treatment process seem to be the stem cell therapy transplant or the bone marrow transplant. However, a fewer number of patients can benefit from the transplant, which also involves treatment-related morbidity and mortality.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the major treatment choice for myelofibrosis. As older patients cannot stand the toxicity of the Full-Intensity Conditioning (FIC) because of its high rate of non-relapse mortality (NRM), healthy and young patients are not advised to opt for this option. This is the reason why Reduced-Intensity- Conditioning (RIC) provides much better treatment options for MF.

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• Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia Treatment With Stem Cell Therapy

Since Myelofibrosis is a disease of elderly people, and it triggers more risks associated with poor transplantation results. So, the determination to perform RIC prior to HSCT relies upon several variables such as - patients and disease-related parameters, performance capability, age, and complication biology as per the standard Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System or (DIPSS). The determination of the candidature for the RIP is based on the risk factors. They are as follows as below:

The type of donor determines the survival rates for the patients. According to various studies, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), matched donor, preferably with siblings is the ideal donor type. It offers 75% of successful results for 2-year overall survival. It is followed by the matched unrelated donor. With this type of donor, the survival rate becomes weaker and 32% success rate is established for 2-year overall survival. And with the RIC, patients with matched donor transplant can survive for five years at a percentage of 56, matched unrelated donor survival rates is at 48%, while 34% of success rate is established for the mismatched unrelated donor type.

It is uncertain if the Splenomegaly offers any survival opportunities, prior to SCT. It leads to several health complications, including impairment of the liver functions.

Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia Treatment With Stem Cell Therapy- Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia is a rare and heterogeneous type of blood cancer, which is alternatively called mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) or hybrid leukemia. Since it has the characteristics and features like that of both the lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, it is referred to as Biphenotypic Leukemia, which means both ‘types.’

In the treatment of this rare condition, the chemotherapy offers a good approach, followed by the stem cell therapy transplant if required. Though, the efficacy of stem cell therapy is still unclear. However, the doctor determines the best availability and appropriateness of the treatment for the patient concerned.

With the different test being available, it is easier to find out the type of leukemia.

One diagnostic test looks for chromosomes in the cells of leukemia, while another test looks for “special marker” outside of the cells.  The diagnostic test is known as immunophenotyping when a particular marker gets its ‘phenotype’ in a cell. Contrary to it, the markers, which get two different types of leukemia cells, are known as biphenotypic leukemia. The cells of Biphenotypic include the lymphoid cells as similar to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. They also have the same features as myeloid cells, found in acute myeloid leukemia. Since biphenotypic leukemia includes the two different types of cells from both of this leukemia; it is diagnosed as Biphenotypic Leukemia.

Affects of Biphenotypic Leukemia

Acute Leukemia of any type is a rare and heterogeneous type of blood cancer, which progresses very fast. The healthy counts of white blood cells are an important factor to identify if a person has developed acute leukemia or not. The overproduction of white blood cells or leukocytes is a clear indication of acute leukemia. And as a result, the leukocytes have to compromise and cannot develop properly.  The dysfunctions of the immune systems occur when the leukocytes secrete more than the normal limits in the body.

This disease can put anyone’s health at a huge risk as the immune system becomes weaker. For this reason, even an attack of a mere bacteria and virus can be fatal to the health as the body cannot produce a good number of white blood cells. Additionally, any small internal injuries lead to deaths as the fewer numbers of leukocytes are unable to facilitate the platelets clotting.

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Whereas the vulnerability of Biphenotypic Leukemia is concerned, more than 5% of individuals suffering from acute leukemia are susceptible to Biphenotypic Leukemia. BAL can attack anyone, regardless of their age and gender. However, the prevalence of this condition is seen amongst adults as opposed to the children.

Causes of Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia

There are no such sound reasons for the condition to occur.

Symptoms of Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia

Infections in a shorter period of interval

The paling of the skin

Muscle exhaustion

Uncommonly bleeding from the nose and gums

Difficulties in breathing

The Functions of Stem Cell Transplantation in Recovery

The Hematopoietic or blood developing stem cell therapy offers the best treatment options for Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia.

During such treatment, at the beginning of the clinical procedures, the patients receive Chemotherapy and then stem cell therapy. The former process uses to fight the cancer cells, but it also puts an impact on the bone marrow functions. Hence, the stem cell transplant therapy is aimed at replacing those cells affected during the Chemotherapy.

The entire process of the transplant relies upon the donor cells, known as the allogeneic transplant. The cells must have similar features as those of the donor stem cells. The donor could be anyone, maybe your siblings or anyone else having the similarity with your cells.

Another process known as an autologous transplant involves the cells of the patient itself.  Both the transplant process allows for the complete recovery and helps build the immune systems. Hence, they offer a better opportunity for survival.

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