Joint pain, mostly due to arthritis is the leading cause of worldwide disability, leaving twice as many as people bedridden for their entire life. With no possible cure in sight so far, the treatment possibilities of arthritis and its various types now can see the lights at the end of the tunnel because of the stem cell therapy. Earlier stem cells have been proved to be a boon for a varied chronic and debilitating diseases like that of leukemia, neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and multiple sclerosis and not to mention the problems related to the eyes.

Treating joint injuries along with different forms of arthritis is now even easier with 3D printing in combination with stem cell therapy and crocodile cartilage. Doesn’t it sound so weird? Perhaps yes, it is not impossible though.

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Arthritis needs a closer detection of the injury to identify its pathophysiology through arthroscopic surgery. The process of the surgery enables the identification of the injury in the cartilage, facilitating the treatment of joint injuries using the arthroscope. Arthroscope involves a small device, which needs to be inserted into the injured joint through a small incision. Although it is a non-invasive joint surgery, it does yield painful results for the victims as the recovery period is quite lengthy.

However, this little painful consequence is envisioned to be overcome using the 3D printing technology in compliance with stem cell therapy and crocodile cartilage. This new treatment procedure will help in finding a therapeutic for joint injuries due to arthritis.

The joint injuries and arthritis are highly prevalent among sports athletes, who cannot join the fields once they undergo the procedure of the arthroscope. Now, this process could be a passé and thanks to Dr. Pardraig Strappe for discovering a novel process to diagnose the ailment and treat without any minimal pain along with a faster recovery result.

Dr. Strappe with his team of researchers from Center Queensland’ University is eyeing to activate the human immune response by using crocodile cartilage with its growth factors and turning off the proteins. The process actually turns adult stem cells into bio-print cartilage explants for the transplantation into the injured or damaged human joints. Hence, it is proof that crocodile cartilage could be a great resource to turn stem cells into human cartilage and cure joint injuries or arthritis.

Since the crocodile cartilage turns human adult stem cells sourced from bone marrow or other cells into cartilage, they can alleviate the joint pain and distress in many, especially in adult populations. Along with the development of cartilage, it seems possible to promote cartilage repair too.

After a knee injury, it is likely that the joint develops a crack or fissure in the knee or joints, which cannot heal on its own due to lack of the blood supply system in the cartilage. However, as cartilage develops a crack, it eventually becomes a hole, this needs a treatment.

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So, by using a 3D printing, we can have an exact graph of the injury that mimics the hole in the 3D printing, making it clear for the surgeons to fill the gap easily.

The crocodile has a larger amount of growth promoting compounds like proteoglycan in the cartilage. And the compound is highly available near the rib cage. Hence, the resource for joint injuries or arthritis is immense. This is the first focused report conducted by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSRIO), which makes it possible for a crocodile to have varied movement procedure using their articulating joints. So, this cartilage is useful to turn stem cells into active cartilage and to be used as a human cartilage in the joints.

Now, the focus will be on the availability of the procedure that will relieve the tensions of arthroscopic surgery in no time, and enable us to live a happy life without the fear of disability.

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Adult stem cells have been in use for different biomedical researchers and novel therapeutic applications for a range of diseases since long. Once again, they prove to be a useful medical tool for debilitating conditions as Osteoarthritis. Since researchers have created balanced joint cartilage using adult stem cells, we can expect to get rid of the excruciating joint pain very soon with an effective transplant process. The researchers at the University and University Hospital of Basel created the liquid component known as cartilage applying certain molecular techniques. The process of the tissue development took place during embryonic cartilage formation. Every one of us could have an elaborate view on this report from the scientific journal of PNAS.
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• Stem Cell Therapy For Knees to Relieve Osteoarthritis

As we all know, osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition of the joints, which causes the destruction of the natural cartilage, weakening of bone density and inflammation. As per medical reports, maximum cases of osteoarthritis result in joint pain restricting the ability to perform normal activities, while affecting the normal quality of life. Until today, so many techniques and medical interventions have proved ineffective in healing the articular cartilage.
In addition to this, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies have been showing promising hopes to advance cartilage repair. Despite some progressive advancement in the pre-clinical trials, these cell-based therapies are yet to get approval for use in clinical settings. Along with this, other new techniques are on the way to offer novel therapeutic uses for this condition. MSC-based extracellular compounds, improved CRISPR CAS 9 gene editing tools, and miRNAs are devised for the development of new strategies for OA.
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• Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy to Increase the Survival Rate in HLHS

While these are under process, we have another new entrant as a form of stem cell-based cartilage to alleviate our severities.

The skeletal tissue regeneration requires specific mesenchymal or stromal cells from the bone marrow-derived adult stem cells. The adult stem cells pass through a transformation stage, where they first become cartilage, and bone tissues later. It is a natural and an automatic process of the stem cells to turn into cartilage, and then enter the ‘hypertrophic’ state. In this specific state, it spontaneously becomes bone tissues. The same state follows during the cartilaginous tissues after a fracture.

The research team at The University of and University Hospital of Basel showed that cartilage formation is possible using mesenchymal stem cells. However, the process must adhere to the embryonic development of articular cartilage under the influence of certain molecular processes. In order to achieve the cartilage formation, the technique must restrict the signaling pathway of a certain protein Bone Morphogenetic Protein or BMP.

Further, the scientists highlighted the influence of two highly BMP receptor inhibitors in the whole process. When cultured in a microfluid platform, it is possible for them to form cartilage by blocking the effects of the inhibitors. In addition to this, with a blockage for a short span of time, the cartilage can be developed both in a mouse and the lab models.

This discovery is a good sign in the way of disease modeling. At the same time, it opens up new and advanced perspectives for the regenerative medicines and therapies for cartilage formation. Thereby, it focuses on the methods to manipulate tissue engineering for the development of any organ tissue during embryonic cartilage formation.

Last of all, using a certain molecular process, we can control the movement of progenitor and adult stem cells.

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