Joint pain, mostly due to arthritis is the leading cause of worldwide disability, leaving twice as many as people bedridden for their entire life. With no possible cure in sight so far, the treatment possibilities of arthritis and its various types now can see the lights at the end of the tunnel because of the stem cell therapy. Earlier stem cells have been proved to be a boon for a varied chronic and debilitating diseases like that of leukemia, neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia and multiple sclerosis and not to mention the problems related to the eyes.

Treating joint injuries along with different forms of arthritis is now even easier with 3D printing in combination with stem cell therapy and crocodile cartilage. Doesn’t it sound so weird? Perhaps yes, it is not impossible though.

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Arthritis needs a closer detection of the injury to identify its pathophysiology through arthroscopic surgery. The process of the surgery enables the identification of the injury in the cartilage, facilitating the treatment of joint injuries using the arthroscope. Arthroscope involves a small device, which needs to be inserted into the injured joint through a small incision. Although it is a non-invasive joint surgery, it does yield painful results for the victims as the recovery period is quite lengthy.

However, this little painful consequence is envisioned to be overcome using the 3D printing technology in compliance with stem cell therapy and crocodile cartilage. This new treatment procedure will help in finding a therapeutic for joint injuries due to arthritis.

The joint injuries and arthritis are highly prevalent among sports athletes, who cannot join the fields once they undergo the procedure of the arthroscope. Now, this process could be a passé and thanks to Dr. Pardraig Strappe for discovering a novel process to diagnose the ailment and treat without any minimal pain along with a faster recovery result.

Dr. Strappe with his team of researchers from Center Queensland’ University is eyeing to activate the human immune response by using crocodile cartilage with its growth factors and turning off the proteins. The process actually turns adult stem cells into bio-print cartilage explants for the transplantation into the injured or damaged human joints. Hence, it is proof that crocodile cartilage could be a great resource to turn stem cells into human cartilage and cure joint injuries or arthritis.

Since the crocodile cartilage turns human adult stem cells sourced from bone marrow or other cells into cartilage, they can alleviate the joint pain and distress in many, especially in adult populations. Along with the development of cartilage, it seems possible to promote cartilage repair too.

After a knee injury, it is likely that the joint develops a crack or fissure in the knee or joints, which cannot heal on its own due to lack of the blood supply system in the cartilage. However, as cartilage develops a crack, it eventually becomes a hole, this needs a treatment.

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So, by using a 3D printing, we can have an exact graph of the injury that mimics the hole in the 3D printing, making it clear for the surgeons to fill the gap easily.

The crocodile has a larger amount of growth promoting compounds like proteoglycan in the cartilage. And the compound is highly available near the rib cage. Hence, the resource for joint injuries or arthritis is immense. This is the first focused report conducted by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSRIO), which makes it possible for a crocodile to have varied movement procedure using their articulating joints. So, this cartilage is useful to turn stem cells into active cartilage and to be used as a human cartilage in the joints.

Now, the focus will be on the availability of the procedure that will relieve the tensions of arthroscopic surgery in no time, and enable us to live a happy life without the fear of disability.

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Our ability to perform certain functions is dependent on how we exert the muscular techniques. As long as we are young enough, the muscular capabilities remain active and aid in the execution of different functions. But as we grow older, the muscular functions fall short of our expectations and cannot offer a greater level of strength to perform any tasks. This is something which occurs due to an unprecedented number of mutations in the stem cells of muscles. The mutations impair the regeneration of cells, and inhibit the further progress of muscle functions; as a result, it deprives older individuals of their physical ability to perform tasks. This new study has been brought to the light by researchers at Karolinska Institute.

The study has raised a hope to develop a new drug or medication to help build stronger muscles no matter how older we become.

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For everything which hinders our capacity to work properly while we age, is mainly for muscle stem cells or satellite cells. These cells do not exert any muscular functions as they remain dormant in the muscle tissues. However, they are likely to proliferate and specialize to replace damaged tissues or organs when influenced by the external forces like physical workout or injuries. This is a well-grounded restorative function of muscle stem cells, but these functions reduce too with age and it does not advocate for any tissue regeneration through self-renewal capacity. As a result, the agility and strength of aging muscles deteriorate and decline. Therefore, the study clearly focuses on how there is a distinct relation between aging muscle and stem cells.

Until now, there has been no clear indication why aging muscles lose its flexibility to perform a task. But, this is now clear as the study has successfully established how mutations in muscles play a key role in hindering the task performing ability to age muscles as compared to their younger counterparts.

In the study, they found that a healthy 70-year-old could collect as high as 1000 mutations in each of their muscle cells. These mutations cannot inhabit every cell, and the cells without these mutations are better protected and providing an adequate performance capability to a person. The study was successful to focus that with age, this strength of the cells also declines for the natural cell division process. As a result, an aged muscle loses its capacity to repair DNA. This leads to a novel pathway for scientists to discover a new method to influence the muscle with a newly developed drug.

In order to invent a new drug to foster the DNA repair and inhibit the impairment of muscle elasticity and functions, scientists turned to single cell DNA sequencing methods. The single cell genome sequencing helped them identify how each muscle stem cell does have a direct influence from a complex mutational burden. At the same time, the number of these mutations is two-three times higher in the cells of aging persons than younger counterparts. This is the reason why younger individuals are more fit and active to perform their tasks with more flexibility and agility as they do not show any sign of higher number of mutations.

In addition to this, the new drug development would also take into consideration the role of physical exercise to counteract the mutational influence on the muscle cells.

• Revival Of Heart Cells Using Stem Cell Therapy

So, if researchers can find out a new trigger to reduce the influence of the mutational reactions in cells, it is possible to discover new workout programs for aging populations too. And we can expect healthy old people to lend their shoulders to increase the productivity of young individuals.